Lung cancer :: essays research papers

Lung Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose to do lung cancer in American women because of the fact that many women die from it every year. Women put themselves in danger by risking the chances of a premature death and other types of complications from smoking. In this report I want to learn whom smoking effected more, men or women, what age bracket does smoking most occur in women, and the overall effects that smoking and lung cancer has on women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lung cancer is caused by development of airway obstruction, and clinical symptoms leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) as well as to recurrent respiratory tract infections (Klech H, Kummer F., â€Å"Smoking causes chronic obstructive lung diseases and increased infections of the respiratory tract†, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Journal Code: XOU, 1994; [144 (22-23): 535-40]). The death rate of lung cancer has increase since 1991-1995 up to about 64%. Lung cancer is hard to detect at an early stage and it is also hard to treat. Many doctors sat that once you are diagnosed with lung the average person has about 5 more years to live. Smoking is the main cause for lung cancer in women. Over 2,000 females start this habit everyday which is about 728,000 women a year. Out of this amount of ladies 66,000 will die from lung cancer. The worst thing about this lung cancer in women is that no one believes that it is the leading killer in women. That is right it passed breast cancer by a long shot. Lung cancer killed about 66 thousand, as mentioned above, while breast cancer killed only about 45 thousand people (Statistics are from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Facts which contains estimates based on SEER data.) .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What age do you think women start smoking? 18? 20? 16? No, some â€Å"children† have started smoking at the age younger then 14 (Skaar, Karyn L.; Tsoh, Janice Y.; McClure, Jennifer B.; Cinciripini, Paul M.; Friedman, Karen; Wetter, David W.; Gritz, Ellen R., â€Å"Smoking: A Feminist Issue† (An overview of research. Smoking Cessation, part 1. Vol. 23, Behavioral Medicine), 03-22-1997 [p. 5 (9)]). They mainly start to smoke do to its â€Å"pleasant† appeal. During many research studies, the most common reasons were to stay slim, lose weight, or be popular (Heidi D, â€Å"Smoking: A Feminist Issue†. Vol. 20, Contemporary Women's Issues Collection, [03-01-1995, p. 9-10H]). Magazines give women and teenage girls these impressions everyday by their ads of big groups of skinny ladies have a good time with a â€Å"dag† in their mouth.

Effectiveness of Product Placement in Hindi Movies Essay

Product placement refers to the practice of including a brand name, product, package, signage or other trademark merchandise within a motion picture, television or other media vehicles for increasing the memorability of the brand and for instant recognition at the point of purchase. Product placements are commercial insertions within a particular media program intended to heighten the visibility of a brand, type of product or service. The common practice has been that advertising has been inserted within breaks, 30 seconds or 10 seconds commercial, but with increasing number of channels and media clutter, the target audience is not properly exposed to the message. The tendency of the audience is to change the channel whenever an advertisement appears. But by subtle placement of products in the settings of the Movie or a TV serial, the promotional message can be effectively put across the target audience These insertions are not meant to be commercial break ups rather an integral part of the medium so that the visibility of the brand increases. Attempts are made for the viewer to read the product or the brand as a quality of the characters using and approving it. Scripts are tailor made for the desired brand so that when they are incorporated they look natural. It is done through special mention in the programs, placement of logo or may be a shot of that particular brand. Movies have been used as the most popular platform for product placement. Showman Subhash Ghai’s Yaadein showcased brands like Pass-pass and coca-cola. But recall the Rishi Kapoor starrer Karz by the filmmaker, which had an entire song sequence with the Emami banner at the backdrop. Similarly time and again we have witnessed so many brands like ICICI, Yamaha, Pepsi, Lays in movies Aakhein, Baghban, Dhoom, Khushi and Krissh respectively. Product placements are different than the celebrity endorsement advertisements in many ways. The celebrities endorse products and brands with commercial reasons,which normally comes in the breaks in television programs or in cinema halls. The phenomenon of zipping and change in the television usage behaviour due to surfing during commercial breaks has reduced the effectiveness of the television commercials. Similarly the commercials on cinema halls are found to be of low involvement as the audience takes them as blocks between the reasons of visiting the cinema hall and the time available to them for entertainment. So the brand communication and the entertainment products are viewed differently by the audience in both the media. Brand placement provides an opportunity where the involved audience gets exposure to the brands and products during the natural process of narration of the movie or television commercial. We have taken the issue of the movie as area of research because compared to television, movies are found to be of higher involvement. The audience can undertake multitude of working while observing the television program at a home setting which may affect the degree of attention span of the audience and hence reduce the over all effectiveness of the medium for enhancing brand memory. Quite contrast to this is the movie going behaviour where the audience makes a voluntary choice for viewing (exposure) at a cost (financial, time and opportunity cost) for the purpose of entertainment. So he is more receptive to the information provided to him in the movie hall setting which also includes the dissemination of the product information. Further to this in a television viewing, the audience has a choice to shift the channel, as the programming is an involuntary exposure due to fixed schedules, content and timing. This involuntary exposure makes the audience to have a choice of voluntary viewing of the program of his choice and then he or she may switch to another channel. It has been observed from research that brand recall for commercials shown during the television programs with higher level of TRPs are very poor due to the channel switching behaviour (Fourier and Dolan 1997). High level of media clutter, similarity of programming across channels, channel switching behaviour are the factors responsible to generate sufficient level of research interest among researchers at the practice of brand placements in movies. It is very important to expose the product only to the target audience. A good marketer should first identify the target market based on geographic segmentation and demographic variables or may be even both. Selection of the target audience is also done keeping the brand profile in mind. A target audience should also be able to identify with the product. The potential target audience should be able to identify themselves with the product. History: Product placement is being used since long in bollywood industry, however it was not much known . With time the frequency as well as the awareness for this advertisement media have been increased. The earliest reference of a brand placement comes in the 1940 classic Chalti Kaa naam Gadi with the brand Coca Cola, followed by movie bobby endorsing rajdhoot by Rishi Kapoor. The movie Dilwale Dulhanyiyan Le Jayenge of the 1990s was a successful story of launching of Stroh bear in Indian market. Today, product placement is used as an often-used strategy for the advertisers in Hindi films. Broadly analysing, there are three ways product placement can occur: 1.The placement simply happens : This placement occurs without any type of formal contractual agreement to place a particular product or brand. The likely scenario in this instance involves some member of the cast or crew selecting a product to use in a scene because it will enhance the scene though the product itself may not be seen or presented in a favourable light. 2.The placement is arranged and some of the product serves as compensation. This type of placement a particular product is shown in the Movie/ Serial and no extra amount is paid for that. The product itself serves as compensation 3.The placement is arranged and there is financial compensation. In this type of product placement the company has to pay for the placement apart from the product. Basically Product placement can be categorized in various forms. The most popular forms are described below: 1. Product/Brand as a background: This the most simplest form of product placement where hoardings of brand, company name, actual product or logo are placed in the scene. Sometimes packaging of the products are also placed. Here the brand is shown without any verbal reference. For instance, in the movie Koi mil gaya, boards of Nescafe and coca cola are seen in the background during the song idhar chala me udhar chala. Likewise in the movie hero, board of Yamaha rajdoot is seen in one of the song. Board of Virgin brand at the background in the movie Kabhi alvida na kehna. 2. Actors use the product: Another popular idea for product placement is to show the use of the product by characters of the movie without verbal reference to brand name or benefit. For example: In the movie kuch na kaho Abhishek Bacchan and Aishwaria Rai drink coke in one scene where camera is focused purposely on the bottle of the coke. Similarly in Taal, Aishwaria Rai and Akshay Khanna share coke from same bottle. Use of Reebok t-shirts by actor Jhon Abraham and Arshad Warsi in movie Goal. 3. Actors mention the product: In this type of product placement, the product is integrated into the drama where the benefits/attributes of the brand/product are mention by the main star without any visuals of the product. For example: There is one sequence in movie Koi mil gaya where actor Hritik Roshan talrs about benefits of drinking Bournvita. 4. Actors mention and use the brand: This style of product placement includes combination of above two method where characters use the product as well as mention the benefits/attributes of it. For instance: in the movie Chup chup ke actor Rajpal Yadav is shown to use Tide detergent powder. Here the level of placement is so high that all the males in the movie are shown in wite clothes in most of the scenes. Also in movie Krish actress Priyanka Chopra is associated with Star tv. 5. Product as the part of the story (theme): Sometimes the story is woven around a specific product or product category. This is extreme level of product placement. However, this trend is not very well developed in India. Very few films have adopted this type of product placement. For instance, In movie Dhoom high speed bikes are the part of the story, also in move hungama starring Akshay Khanna is given the name Jitu Videocon Who owns the Videocon Showroom. 6. Product in promos: This the relatively new trend where the product is tied up with the promo of the movie. The trend in India was started with Kaante where thumps up is associated with promo, similar example is of movie Viruddh which was associated with Max New York life insurance. However it is more seen in the television programs especially the reality shows. This new media of Advertising is beneficial in many ways, firstly the exposure is to a large no of people as a big amount of people see movie each year and the most important ting is that this form of exposure is not subject to zapping, at least not in the theatre. And if in case the movie is hit this exposure can be repeated especially for those who like to watch the movie more then once. The source association also plays a major role. When consumers see their favourite star wearing polo sport, drinking coke or driving a Mercedes, this association may lead to a favourable Brand image. above all, the cost of placing the product in the movie is far less when compared it to the broadcast media, the CPM for this type of media can be very low owing the high volume of exposure it generates. Product placement also helps the marketers to bypass certain regulations, in many countries certain products are not permitted to advertise on television or to some specific market segments for instanc e, cigarettes and liquor. For the industries manufacturing such product this is a very effective media. However its even more important to know that How Does It Actually Works, Basically Marketer pays to the Advertisement agency that decides and places specific brands strategically in films/TV shows. It is the job of the agency to maintain tie ups with prop suppliers/vendors and with set designers. Thus the agency plays the role of the mediater between the director/producer and the marketer. Suppliers get in touch with the production houses, which also look for props and some extra money as revenue. Subsequently the script is reviewed, edited and necessary changes are made in the script to place the brand appropriately to look like a natural phenomenon in the story. A very best example of blending of a brand into the story of the movie is, a well famous brand of bikes Hayabusa in the movie Dhoom. The brand is used by almost all the actors in the movie, and the most important and noticeable part is that the whole story of the movie is encircled around it. It was a very well done promotional strategy, the craze of the bike in India was at its heights even long after the movie was out of the theatres. There are even more examples like Pepsi in dil to pagal hai and scooty pep in the movie Sunday. The typical product placement starts up with publicity. Publicity attracts the viewers to cinema hall, which includes prospects of advertisers. In modern era of commercial news channels, number of viewers largely depend on positive publicity. The number of viewers also depends on actors, production banners, popularity of music etc. Actual product placement process starts with four types of inputs, out of which the dialogues and way of presentation are controlled by the advertiser through proper coordination with the director while on the other hand viewer’s attitude towards movie and actor are uncontrollable. Former two inputs almost depend on advertiser while later two on viewers.

Advertising Cigarettes and Chewing Tobacco Essay examples

Advertising Cigarettes and Chewing Tobacco Tobacco, tumor causing teeth staining smelly puking habit. Advertising has become a way of life. The average American is exposed to 3,000 advertisements a day. These advertisements come from the television, radio, news-papers, billboard signs, and countless other ways. The advertisers use different ways of attracting a consumer to buy their product. One of the strategies that the author will use is called appeals, which uses ethos (ethics), pathos (feelings), and logos (logic). Some people believe it is and will continue to destroy life and moral values in our nation. The rhetorical triangle is used very well in advertising; in some cases it is hard to catch the imbedded message. The†¦show more content†¦The kids do not see before and after pictures of people who have smoked for years in the magazines or commercials. The youth also think they will not get addicted. I also believe that by the time most people are the age twenty they have decided whether or not they are goi ng to smoke or not. Kids see attractive people in movies and commercials smoking, or cartoon animals smoking and they think it is cool. If a product, like cigarettes, will make kids feel like they fit in, then they will do it even if the product will hurt them. This kind of audience, the youth, is very vulnerable because they will do anything to get accepted by people. The author for the audience of chewing tobacco is targeting young â€Å"blue collar† men ages eighteen to around thirty. The ads are targeting the young men who work outside or like doing out door activities. In this Copenhagen ad the quote next to the rider says â€Å"I never walk when I can ride. And I never ride without my cope.† The ad has a younger man on a horse taking a dip and two other riders trying to catch up to him on the open range. In this Grizzly chew ad the slogan is â€Å"Pinch Yourself†. The ad contains two guys out in the woods having a day dream with two really big deer in their â€Å"bubble†. In The Skoal ad they have the slogan â€Å"A Pinch better† with a picture of a man who has a big Elk in his sights and a beautiful woman at his side. This tells people whoShow MoreRelatedSmokeless Tobacco Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesSmokeless tobacco is presented as an alternative to smoking cigarettes, although smokeless tobacco has so me benefits over smoking cigarettes, it also causes harm to the user. There are different forms of smokeless tobacco such as chewing tobacco that come in the forms of as Plug/Twist, Verb Use (consider revising). Snuff another form of smokeless tobacco composed of grounded tobacco leaves requires you to place it between the gums and cheeks, then spit out the juices or swallow if you please. TheRead More Nicotine Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagesdrugs. The impact it has on society is like no other. 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